Vintage Photogravure
Posted in Prints on 03/18/2010 02:54 pm by admin |
 DOUGLAS VOLK Signed RARE Vintage 1922 ABRAHAM LINCOLN Photogravure w inscription $399.99 Time Remaining: 23d 21h 39m Buy It Now for only: $399.99 |
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 1925 Vintage FRANTISEK DRTIKOL Czech Modernist FEMALE NUDE Photo Art Deco Rare $249.26 Time Remaining: 24d 3h 24m Buy It Now for only: $249.26 |
 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 20 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 16h 11m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
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 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 37 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 17h 2m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 73 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 19h 25m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 74 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 19h 31m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 75 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 19h 33m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 80 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 19h 46m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 81 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 19h 47m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
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 1915 New York City Arch Stanford White Photogravure 84 $249.99 Time Remaining: 28d 19h 51m Buy It Now for only: $249.99 |
 1933 Vintage Print LARGE Ethnic BLACK MALE NUDE Man Photo Art SASHA STONE Rare $234.18 Time Remaining: 24d 5h 50m Buy It Now for only: $234.18 |
 1925 Rare Vintage Print FEMALE NUDE Woman Czech Photo Art Deco FRANTISEK DRTIKOL $224.26 Time Remaining: 26d 5h 8m Buy It Now for only: $224.26 |
 1925 Vintage Print Arab HAREM FEMALE NUDE Tunisia Photo Art LEHNERT LANDROCK $214.35 Time Remaining: 13d 17h 28m Buy It Now for only: $214.35 |
 1925 Rare Vintage Print FEMALE NUDE Woman Czech Photo Art Deco FRANTISEK DRTIKOL $197.24 Time Remaining: 26d 5h 9m Buy It Now for only: $197.24 |
 1925 Rare Vintage Print FEMALE NUDE Woman Czech Photo Art Deco FRANTISEK DRTIKOL $193.16 Time Remaining: 26d 5h 8m Buy It Now for only: $193.16 |
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 1937 Vintage Photo Gravure Plate FEMALE NUDE Breasts Modernist Fine Art MAN RAY $187.14 Time Remaining: 13d 5h 44m Buy It Now for only: $187.14 |
 1937 Vintage Print SURREAL FEMALE NUDE Modernist France Photo Art PIERRE BOUCHER $169.32 Time Remaining: 14d 2h 37m Buy It Now for only: $169.32 |
 1933 Vintage Print MEXICO Street CORRUPT SIESTA Photo Art EDWARD WESTON Rare $169.23 Time Remaining: 24d 5h 20m Buy It Now for only: $169.23 |
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 1920 Vintage ARAB FEMALE NUDE Bedouin Woman Jewelry Photo Art LEHNERT LANDROCK $158.36 Time Remaining: 29d 6h 14m Buy It Now for only: $158.36 |
 1946 Big Vintage Photo Art BORNEO FEMALE NUDE Asian Oriental Indonesia KF WONG $149.35 Time Remaining: 12d 5h 7m Buy It Now for only: $149.35 |
 1946 Big Vintage Photo Art BORNEO FEMALE NUDE Asian Oriental Indonesia KF WONG $148.64 Time Remaining: 12d 5h 7m Buy It Now for only: $148.64 |
 Antique Early 1900s LYDAY PHOTOGRAVURE CO Child Print $159.95 Time Remaining: 1d 16h 13m Buy It Now for only: $159.95 |
 1920 Vintage ARAB FEMALE NUDE Bedouin Woman Pottery Photo Art LEHNERT LANDROCK $149.23 Time Remaining: 29d 6h 14m Buy It Now for only: $149.23 |
 1920s Vintage Arab HAREM FEMALE NUDE Berber Woman Photo Art LEHNERT LANDROCK $145.22 Time Remaining: 29d 6h 37m Buy It Now for only: $145.22 |
 1903 Photogravure Portrait Henry IV King France Roy Navarre Costume Fashion Seal $148.95 Time Remaining: 25d 19h 59m Buy It Now for only: $148.95 |
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 1940s Vintage Photo Art BORNEO FEMALE NUDE Asian Oriental Indonesia KF WONG $139.73 Time Remaining: 12d 5h 16m Buy It Now for only: $139.73 |
 1939 Vintage Large Art Deco FEMALE NUDE Woman England Photo Gravure JOHN EVERARD $139.37 Time Remaining: 14d 20h 12m Buy It Now for only: $139.37 |
 1922 Photogravure Meissonier Napoleon III Staff Horse Military Regalia Bicorn $142.95 Time Remaining: 25d 20h 16m Buy It Now for only: $142.95 |
 2 Vintage Photogravure Boggs January Tow Davidson Taking the Cacique $125.00 Time Remaining: 6d 20h 16m Buy It Now for only: $125.00 |
 1915 New York City NYC Arch Stanford White Photogravure $129.99 Time Remaining: 28d 15h 10m Buy It Now for only: $129.99 |
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PSOC2A-00005 Photo Mugs
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DescriptionKarl Marx. Hand-colored photogravure reproduction of a 19th-century photograph. |
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Photo Jigsaw Puzzle of Psoc2A- from North Wind Picture Archives
Sale Price: $24.99 |
DescriptionPhoto Puzzle, PSOC2A-00005. Karl Marx. Hand-colored photogravure reproduction of a 19th-century photograph. Chosen by North Wind Picture Archives. 10x14 Photo Puzzle with 252 pieces. Packed in black cardboard box of dimensions 5 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 1 1/5... |
A major feature of posters and prints is that they are mass produced. Probably the first technology that could do this was the Chinese / Japanese woodcut. Later came the lithograph, then the numerous methods of modern technology. With color printers on computers so common, we often don't appreciate what our ancestors achieved without them.
WOODCUT
Woodcuts were first used in ancient China, becoming rather common by 6th century C.E.
In both Japan and Europe, the labor could be divided among artist, wood carvers, printers.
The first step was to create a drawing on paper. Then one could either copy the design, reversed, onto wood blocks, or trace the face-down drawing onto wood with a sharp marker or knife, destroying the Original Art. The wood was then cut away where no ink was to be printed. First wood cuts were like ink drawings, dark on light. Later such wood cuts were hand colored with brush work. More recently, one or more blocks were cut for each color to be printed, with mechanical guides to align the layers.
For printing, ink was transferred to each block with a roller, so that the cut-away regions were not coated.
Two limitations with wood cuts are (1) the resolution for fine detail, (2) the wearing of the blocks during long print runs, so that detail degraded.
LITHOGRAPH
Lithography was invented by Alois Senefelder in Bohemia in 1798. Reversed image masters were drawn with oily media (e.g., lithographic grease crayons) on flat stone blocks, which were then chemically processed, to make exposed areas water friendly (hydrophilic). Thus the name lithos = stone + graph = draw. Water based ink were applied with rollers, so that the hydrophilic areas hold the ink for later transfer to paper. As with woodcuts, first lithographs were for dark on light monochrome, later Hand Painted, then increasingly in the mid to late 1800s, involved multiple stones with at least one for each color, such as the familiar Red-Blue-Green. These later works were often called chromolithographs, to distinguish from hand colorized prints. Such well known printers as Currier and Ives used human assembly lines of immigrant girls for hand colorizing.
Lithograph stones wore more slowly than woodcut blocks, but did wear. Often stones were ground in damaged areas and re processed, so a given title made at different times can show small variations.
Modern lithography can use non-stone substrates, such as metal sheets, and other mutually repulsive media than grease pencils and water. Photo-lithography uses photographic exposures with chemical etching, and can be made on metal plates or drums for high speed printers. Similar techniques are now used to manufacture very high density semiconductor electronic chips.
Engraved Metal
Engraved metal surfaces for printing were first made in ancient China. The modern term is Intaglio, in which engraved holes of different depths hold the ink. The photographic version was initially developed in the 1830s in both England and France, and was named Photogravure. For high speed presses, such as for newspapers and magazines, the flat surface was replaced by a metal drum, called Rotogravure, and is also used for industrial manufacture. The Halftone process uses equally spaced holes of different diameters, and is rather grainy compared to the prior versions, as commonly seen in newspapers.
A further variation is "offset printing", in which the inked image is transferred to an intermediate surface, such as a rubber sheet or roller, which then contacts the paper. Offset printing can be very inexpensive for large print runs, but costly for setup.
PHOTOGRAPH
Early photography used light sensitive coatings on metal or glass plates, which had to be prepared and developed on location. Old monochrome photos are often tones of colors other than black on white. In 1888, Eastman Dry Plate Company unleashed photography for common people by creating photo emulsions on flexible rolls, and the Kodak box camera that originally had to be delivered to the laboratory with the film. In 1907 color film was introduced by the Lumière brothers in France, which helped to spell the death of Currier and Ives. [Also see Photochrom and Prokudin-Gorskii, below.]
PHOTOCHROM
Photochroms are essentially color lithographs made from black and white photographs. The process was invented and patented by PhotoGlob AG of Zurich, with process and photos licensed to Detroit Photographic Company for USA manufacture. A set of lithography stones was prepared from a black and white photo glass-plate negative, each to be printed with own color. This process was popular in the 1890s before color photography became commercially practical. Thousands of "penny postcard" images were printed for the U.S. Post Office, and numerous picture postcards were made in Europe by PhotoGlob Co. The P.Z. on print labels stands for PhotoGlob Zurich.
The Detroit Photographic Company is long gone (thanks to color film), but PhotoGlob is now on-line at http://www.photoglob.ch/
Pre Film Color Photos
Practical color film was invented in 1907, became available for ordinary people about 1936. A novel process was used by Sergey Mikhaylovich Prokudin-Gorskii (or Gorsky) to photograph the Russian Empire about 1909-1915; three black and white exposures were made through Red-Blue-Green filters, then later projected as color images through similar filters. Actual prints were not made until about 2000, when the U.S. Library of Congress used both projection and digital reconstruction on negatives purchased from the descendants. Some amateurs around the internet have added to the digital reconstructions.
Several other pre-film technologies are described at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_film
POSTERS
Most old circus and theater posters were made as lithographs, some as woodcuts. Many examples used around the world were lithographed in the U.S.A. Sometimes a blurring can be seen, caused by mis alignment of the color layers.
VIEWING
The internet is rich with examples of vintage posters and antique Art Prints, both originals (usually costly) and reproductions. Many reproductions are offset printed, some are made with giclee or laser printers, so the shopping public can be very confused as to cost, price, value.
Examples of antique woodcuts, lithographs, Photochroms, and Prokudin-Gorskii reconstructions can be viewed at author's web site.
D.A. Miller, PhD, is a physicist who is fascinated by mass produced color prints achieved before color film was available. His digital restorations can be viewed at http://oldcolorprint.com.