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12th Academy Awards

The lead up to the awards ceremony

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Prior to the announcement of nominations, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and Gone with the Wind were the two films most widely tipped to receive a significant number of nominations. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington premiered in Washington with a premier party hosted by the National Press Club who found themselves portrayed unfavourably in the film; the film's theme of political corruption was condemned and the film was denounced in the U.S. Senate. Joseph P. Kennedy, the U.S. Ambassador to Britain urged President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the studio head Harry Cohn to cease showing the film overseas because "it will cause our allies to view us in an unfavourable light". Among those who campaigned in favour of the film were Hedda Hopper who declared it "as great as Lincoln's Gettysburg speech", while Sheilah Graham called it the "best talking picture ever made". Screen Book magazine stated that it "should win every Academy Award". Frank Capra, the director, and James Stewart, the film's star were considered front runners to win awards.

Gone with the Wind premiered in December 1939 with a Gallup poll taken shortly before its release concluding that 56.5 million people intended to see the film. The New York Film Critics Award was given to Wuthering Heights after thirteen rounds of balloting had left the voters deadlocked between Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and Gone with the Wind. The press were divided in their support for the nominated actors. Time Magazine favoured Vivien Leigh and used her portrait for their Christmas 1939 edition, and the Hollywood Reporter predicted a possible win by Leigh and Laurence Olivier with the comment that they "are, for the moment, just about the most sacred of all Hollywood's sacred cows". West Coast newspapers, particularly in Los Angeles, predicted Bette Davis would win for Dark Victory. Observing that Davis had achieved four box office successes during the year, one paper wrote, "Hollywood will stick by its favourite home-town girl, Bette Davis".

The ceremony

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The director Frank Capra was the incumbent President of the Academy, and in a first for Academy Awards ceremonies, sold the rights for the event to be filmed. Warner Brothers obtained the rights, for $30,000 to film the banquet and the presentation of the awards, to use as a short, and it was shot by the cinematographer Charles Rosher. Variety Magazine noted that the stars in attendance were conscious of being filmed at the event for the first time and that the event was marked by glamour with fashion conscious actress wearing the best of gowns, furs and jewellery.

The Los Angeles Times printed a substantially accurate list of winners, despite a promise to withhold the results of the voting, so many of the nominees learned before arriving at the ceremony who had won. Among these were Clark Gable and Bette Davis who knew they had not won in their respective categories before entering the ceremony.

Following the banquet, Frank Capra opened proceedings at 11pm with a short speech before introducing Bob Hope who made his first appearance as host of the awards. Looking at a table laden with awards awaiting presentation, he quipped, "I feel like I'm in Bette Davis' living room". Mickey Rooney presented an Academy Juvenile Award to Judy Garland who then performed Over the Rainbow, a "Best Song" nominee from The Wizard of Oz.

As the evening progressed, Gone with the Wind won the majority of awards, and Bob Hope remarked to David O. Selznick, "David, you should have brought roller skates". Making a speech, Selznick paused to extend praise and gratitude to Olivia de Havilland, a "Best Supporting Actress" nominee, and made it clear in his speech that he knew she had not won. Fay Bainter presented the awards for Best Supporting Actor and Actress, prefacing her presentation of the latter award with the knowing comment, "It is a tribute to a country where people are free to honor noteworthy achievements regardless of creed, race or color". Hattie McDaniel became the first black performer to win an Academy Award and in expressing her gratitude promised to be "a credit to my race" before bursting into tears. Olivia de Havilland was among those to make their way to McDaniel's table to offer congratulations, though it was reported that de Havilland then fled to the kitchen, where she burst into tears. The press reported that an irritated Irene Mayer Selznick followed her, and told her to return to their table and stop making a fool of herself however, a British film starring Dicke Jones and Fredric March was nominated for Best Score, Best Actors and Best Picture. the Screen Actors' Guild called The Shinning Star a fake because in 1977, Bob Newhart says there in strike ,im mean because it was a given them a star because they know there kids right now.

Robert Donat, the winner for "Best Actor" was one of three nominated actors not present (the others were Irene Dunne and Greta Garbo). Accepting the award for Donat, Spencer Tracy said that he was sure Donat's win was welcomed by "the entire motion-picture industry" before presenting the "Best Actress" award to Vivien Leigh. The press noted that Bette Davis was among those waiting to congratulate Leigh as she returned to her table.

Post awards discussion

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Further controversy erupted following the ceremony, with the Los Angeles Times reporting that Leigh had won over Davis by the smallest of margins and that Donat had likewise won over James Stewart by a small number of votes. This led Academy officials to examine ways that the voting process, and more importantly, the results, would remain secret in future years. They considered the Los Angeles Times publication of such details as a breach of faith.

Hattie McDaniel received considerable attention from the press with Daily Variety writing, "Not only was she the first of her race to receive an Award, but she was also the first Negro ever to sit at an Academy banquet".

Carole Lombard was quoted as comforting Gable after his loss, with the comment "don't worry, Pappy. We'll bring one home next year". Gable replied that he felt this had been his last chance to which Lombard was said to have replied, "Not you, you self-centered bastard. I meant me."

Major Winners and nominees

This is a breakdown of only major winners. For a complete list of nominees and winners, see: 12th Academy Awards nominees and winners

Best Film

Acting

Category

Winner

Producers/Country

Best Motion Picture of the Year

Gone with the Wind

David O. Selznick

Category

Winner

Movie

Best Actor in a Leading Role

Robert Donat

Goodbye, Mr. Chips

Best Actress in a Leading Role

Vivien Leigh

Gone with the Wind

Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Thomas Mitchell

Stagecoach

Best Actress in a Supporting Role

Hattie McDaniel

Gone with the Wind

Writing

Category

Winner

Movie

Original Screenplay

Lewis R. Foster

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Adapted Screenplay

Sidney Howard

Gone with the Wind

Achievement in Directing

Victor Fleming Gone with the Wind

Special honors

Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award: David O. Selznick

Academy Juvenile Award: Judy Garland

Films with five or more nominations

Thirteen

Gone with the Wind (won ten)

Ten

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (won one)

Eight

Wuthering Heights (won one)

Seven

Goodbye, Mr. Chips (won one)

Stagecoach (won two)

Six

Love Affair (won none)

The Rains Came (won one)

The Wizard of Oz (won two)

Five

The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (won none)

Academy Award ceremony presenters in sequence of awards presented

Name

Awards presented

Darryl F. Zanuck

Scientific and technical awards

Film editing

Sound recording

Cinematography

Art direction

Special effects

Gene Buck

Music awards

Bob Hope

Short subjects

Mickey Rooney

Special Juvenile Academy Award to Judy Garland

Mervyn LeRoy

Best Director

Sinclair Lewis

Writing awards

Y. Frank Freeman

Best Picture

Basil O'Connor

Special awards to Jean Hersholt, Ralph Morgan, Ralph Block and Conrad Nagel

Dr. Ernest Martin Hopkins

Irving Thalberg Award

Walter Wanger

Commemorative award to Douglas Fairbanks

Fay Bainter

Supporting Actor

Supporting Actress

Spencer Tracy

Best Actor

Best Actress

See also

Academy Awards

List of Academy Awards ceremornies

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Academy Awards

Portal  Category  History of film

Merit awards

Best Picture  Best Director  Best Leading Actor  Best Leading Actress  Best Adapted Screenplay  Best Original Screenplay  Best Supporting Actor  Best Supporting Actress  Best Animated Feature  Best Art Direction  Best Cinematography  Best Costume Design  Best Documentary Feature  Best Documentary Short Subject  Best Film Editing  Best Foreign Language Film (Winners and nominees)  Best Makeup  Best Original Score  Best Original Song  Best Animated Short Film  Best Live Action Short Film  Best Sound Mixing  Best Sound Editing  Best Visual Effects

Special awards

Academy Honorary Award  Special Achievement Academy Award  Academy Scientific and Technical Award  Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award  Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award  Gordon E. Sawyer Award

Retired awards

Best Assistant Director  Best Dance Direction  Best Director of a Comedy Picture  Best Engineering Effects  Best Short Subject, Two-reel  Best Short Subject, Color  Best Short Subject, Novelty  Best Original Story  Best Title Writing  Best Unique and Artistic Quality of Production  Academy Juvenile Award

Award ceremonies

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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)  Records

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